Targeting Cellular Senescence and Skin Aging with Skin Care

What are the best skin care ingredients to reduce cellular senescence in aged skin? Keep reading if you want me to explain what cellular senescence is and why it is important when you want to treat wrinkles on your skin and prevent skin aging.

One of the biggest reasons your skin ages is due to inflammatory factors secreted from senescent cells. This aging process is called inflammaging. What are senescent cells and can ingredients in skin care get rid of these cells that cause skin aging?

Cellular Senescence and Skin Aging

How to get rid of senescent cells

Ingredients to decrease cellular senescence

Skincare Products

Cell phases

What are Senescent cells?

What causes cellular senescence?

Senescent Cells and Skin Aging

References

How to get rid of senescent cells and rejuvenate skin?

Preventing cellular senescence is important! Using ingredients that protect skin from pollution and sun radiation and use of sunscreen can help. Anti-inflammatory ingredients and antioxidant ingredients can help prevent senescent cells. Other ways to decrease senescent cells in skin is to stimulate autophagy or activate sirtuin (SIRT-1). (13) SIRT-1 is activated by caloric restriction and by the ingredient resveratrol.

These antiaging skin care ingredients help increase autophagy or decrease cellular senescence

Aquatide™ , also known as Heptasodium hexacarboxymethyl dipeptide-12

Crepidiastrum Denticulatum Extract

Exosomes

Melatonin (14)

Pollux CD™ also known as Crepidiastrum Denticulatum Extract)

Resveratrol (13)

Saururus Chinensis (15)

Ulmus Davidiana (16)

Skincare Products that reduce senescent cells and rejuvenate skin

Plated SkinScience Intense Serum has exosomes. Studies have shown that the number of senescent cells is reduced after using this serum. (refs 16, 17)

Cell phases

You need to understand about the different phases in a cell’s life cycle so you can understand what cellular senescence is and why it is bad for skin.

Skin cells called keratinocyte and fibroblasts go through five different phases:

Stem (Stem cells)- Think of these as embryo cells that will change significantly as they mature.

Proliferation (Proliferating cells)- These are cells that are dividing and “having babies” and making new cells.

Differentiation (Differentiated Cells)- These are cells that are changing into a specialized cell type.

Senescence (Senescent Cells)- These are cells that are not yet dead but are injured and do not function properly.

Apoptosis (Apoptotic Cells)- These are cell going thru programmed cell death. This is nature’s way of preventing cancer by getting rid of damaged cells.

The difference between apoptotic cells and senescent cells is that apoptotic cells are not viable and are eliminated while senescent cells, even though they have gone into cell cycle arrest, stay functional and are not eliminated from the skin. We know that an increased number of senescent cells correlates with increased skin aging.

What are Senescent cells?

Senescent cells have lost the ability to proliferate and function properly but have not undergone apoptosis. (1, 2) The lysosomes and mitochondria of senescent cells have lost functionality. (3) They produce harmful secretions that lead to inflammation and other problems that speed aging. The presence of senescence cells is associated with increased aging and seems to speed aging.

What causes cellular senescence?

Normal aging causes cellular senescence. Loss of mitochondrial autophagy also induces senescence as does activation of the TP53 gene, inactivity of SIRT-1, and short telomeres. NRF2 is a key regulator of the skin’s antioxidant defense system, which controls the transcription of genes encoding ROS-detoxifying enzymes and various other antioxidant proteins. (4) Activation of NRF2 induces cellular senescence via direct targeting of certain ECM genes.

Senescent Cells and Skin Aging

Senescent cells are increased in aged skin (3) due to age-related decline of senescent cell removal systems such as the immune system (5) and the autophagy-lysosomal pathway. (7)

You need to understand a bit about what causes skin aging to understand the bad effects of senescent cells.

You can learn about the science of skin aging here.

Senescent cells cause damage and aging of the skin because they because they communicate with nearby cells sending inflammatory cell signals via:

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)

Growth factors

Cytokines

Chemokines

Matrix-modeling enzymes

Lipids

Extracellular vesicles (EVs).

EVs are lipid bilayer-lined vesicles that can transport functional RNA and microRNA and other modes of communication between cells. (8)

Senescent cells cause a prolonged state of inflammation, known as “inflammaging” (10) which is detrimental to the skin’s appearance. Senescent human fibroblasts secrete proinflammatory cytokines, MMPs and release ROS (11,12) resulting in degradation of the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). Loss of the ECM leads to fibroblast compaction and reduced DNA synthesis which disrupts normal cell function and leads to thin, fragile wrinkled skin.

New information is coming out about cellular senescence and what cosmeceutical ingredients are best to treat it. Join us on You Tube or social media to stay current. This is the long interview where Dr. Baumann and Dr. Wyles discuss cellular senescence.

Wondering which skincare products are best to treat your aging skin? Take the skincare routine quiz to build a custom skincare routine from many brands.

DQH Can I use salicylic acid first and then vitamin C? It’s easy to create a skincare routine, but knowing how to use it is another thing entirely. In most cases, if you’re not getting the desired skin results, it could be due to the layering of conflicting ingredients. So, is it possible that salicylic acid and vitamin C are such ingredients? Or are these active ingredients the duo that’s been missing from your skincare routine? If you want answers, stick around because today we are going to explain the benefits of salicylic acid and vitamin C and how they can be used in your daily life. What are the benefits of salicylic acid for skin? Salicylic acid is one of the most commonly used beta hydroxy acids and is favored by many people with oily, acne-prone skin. This acid is derived from willow bark, and unlike its water-soluble relatives (called alpha-hydroxy acids), salicylic acid is oil-soluble, which means it can penetrate deeper into the lower layers of the skin. Once it reaches the lower layers, it can help unclog pores of excess sebum, dirt, bacteria, debris, and impurities. This results in clearer skin tones and greater definition. Not only does salicylic acid benefit the underlying layers, but the outer surface of the skin benefits as well. When applied to the skin, salicylic acid removes the buildup of dead skin cells. This is accomplished by breaking the bonds that hold dead cells to the surface. Over time, this can cause the complexion to look dull and prone to acne, blackheads, and other blemishes. If you’d like to learn more about salicylic acid and how it can improve your skin, check out this dedicated blog post from a beauty insider. What are the benefits of vitamin C for skin? Vitamin C is considered one of the most powerful antioxidants, which means it is very effective at fighting free radicals and preventing them from causing further skin damage. Examples of free radicals include pollution, central heating, UV rays and harsh climate. They attack proteins, fats and cell membranes as soon as they come into contact with the skin, causing signs of premature aging such as fine lines and wrinkles as well as hyperpigmentation, flaky patches of skin and loss of elasticity. Many people usually prefer to use vitamin C in their morning routine as this ingredient gives the complexion a radiant glow. You’ll also find that vitamin C can target areas of hyperpigmentation, plumping the skin and reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. The thing about vitamin C is that there are a lot of outdated studies going back to the 1950s that describe vitamin C as an unstable skin component. Thanks to improvements in modern technology, this is no longer the case as all products now contain a stable form of vitamin C. Visit The Beauty Insider to learn more about vitamin C. So please check out our blog post. Can I use salicylic acid first and then vitamin C? Yes, you absolutely can. In fact, it’s thought that using salicylic acid before using vitamin C ensures it penetrates faster and works faster. This is an efficient way to utilize two power sources, and the reason has to do with pH. For example, the skin’s natural pH is about 4.7, making it slightly acidic. Salicylic acid and vitamin C are also both acidic, and you’ll find that vitamin C is absorbed quickly into the skin. Therefore, using salicylic acid beforehand can increase the acidity of the skin and allow vitamin C to penetrate into the skin faster. While this is considered an effective way to combine two powerful ingredients, you need to be aware of your skin type and how it reacts to certain active ingredients. Even people with perfect, normal skin can experience skin sensitivity and irritation. Therefore, always consult a doctor or dermatologist before using any new products on your skin. It’s also important to follow skin application rules. In this case, you need to use the product correctly to ensure you get the best results for your skin. If you’re not sure what I mean, the basic rule for skin is to start with the thinnest consistency and work your way up to the thickest consistency. This prevents a barrier from forming on the surface, preventing other active ingredients from penetrating the skin. Can I use salicylic acid at night and vitamin C in the morning? Yes, absolutely, this is considered the most effective way to get returns without any adverse side effects. This is because there is enough time between applications to ensure that the skin’s pH levels return to balance. You’ll also find that Vitamin C is rich in antioxidants and is perfect for use in the morning to ensure your skin is protected and looking its healthiest. Due to the small size of salicylic acid molecules, it is an acid that is able to reach the deepest parts of the skin. While this is effective at keeping skin clear, it also increases the risk of irritation and photosensitivity. Therefore, many people prefer to use powerful BHAs in their evening routine without exposure to UV rays, pollution, or harsh weather. Warning: If you avoid using sunscreen every day, none of these ingredients will do what your skin needs. The combination of chemical peels and powerful ingredients increases the risk of further damage to the skin’s surface. Use SPF 50 every day to keep your skin protected and your lipid barrier healthy, even on cloudy days, keeping your skin in top condition.

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