The Science of Titanium Dioxide in Skin Care
Titanium dioxide is a white, powdery mineral that you can find in almost everything from skin care to Skittles. In skincare, it’s a beneficial ingredient, especially in sunscreens and makeup. But what makes titanium dioxide so special, and how safe is it for everyday use? Let’s dive in and find out why this ingredient is a real precious metal in skincare!
Before we get started, make sure to take the Baumann Skin Type Quiz for free today to find your skin type and the best products!
What is Titanium Dioxide?
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a natural mineral known for its ability to reflect light. This ability makes it excellent for protecting your skin from the sun’s harmful rays. There are two main types of TiO2 used in skincare: rutile and anatase. Rutile is more stable and preferred in many products because it doesn’t break down under sunlight. Anatase is another effective form, but it’s less stable in UV light. Both forms help keep your skin safe from the sun.
Benefits of Titanium Dioxide
Titanium dioxide offers several notable benefits in skincare:
UV Protection: TiO2 is a physical sunscreen, meaning it sits on top of your skin and reflects incoming UV rays. It protects against both UVA and UVB rays, helping to prevent sunburn, aging, and skin cancer.
Gentle on Skin: Unlike some chemical sunscreens that can cause irritation or allergies, TiO2 is usually gentle and well-tolerated.
Great for Makeup: In makeup, TiO2 helps provide coverage and a brightening effect, giving you a smooth, even finish.
Titanium Dioxide Safety
Titanium dioxide is very safe for use in skin care, with plenty of research to support it. For example, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Commission’s Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) both say that titanium dioxide is safe to use in cosmetics, including sunscreens, as long as you follow the directions. Studies show that while TiO2 can get into the outer layer of your skin, it doesn’t absorb deep or enter your bloodstream.
Studies on the safety of inhaled TiO2 nanoparticles are still constantly in progress, and it appears to be inadvisable to do so. In other words, don’t inhale micronized titanium dioxide if you, say, have a powdered sunscreen.
Titanium Dioxide Sunscreens
Titanium dioxide is a key ingredient in many sunscreens. Here’s how it works:
Particle Size: In sunscreens, TiO2 particles are often made smaller (micronized) to be less visible on your skin while still protecting you from the sun. These particles can be between 100-200 nanometers, and sometimes even smaller (nanoparticles) at less than 100 nanometers.
How It Works: TiO2 particles sit on the skin’s surface and reflect UV rays, acting like tiny mirrors. This physical barrier keeps the harmful rays from reaching your skin.
If you’re looking for the best sunscreens with titanium dioxide, check these out:
Is Titanium Dioxide Comedogenic?
Some ingredients can clog pores and cause acne. Titanium dioxide is not one of them. This makes it a good choice for people with acne-prone or sensitive skin. But as with any product, it’s good to keep an eye on how your skin reacts. It is also important to note that many sunscreens need to be washed off. If you don’t wash off thick, creamy sunscreens that leave behind residue, you might get acne.
Is Titanium Dioxide Reef Safe?
Titanium dioxide in its non-nano form is considered reef-safe, unlike some chemical sunscreens. However, nanoparticle-sized titanium dioxide is a different story. Studies have shown that these smaller particles can be toxic to fish and other marine life. Therefore, when looking for reef-safe sunscreens for beach or ocean days, it’s important to choose products that use non-nano TiO2 and avoid harmful additives that can damage marine ecosystems.
What are Nanoparticles?
Nanoparticles are extremely small particles, less than 100 nanometers in size. In sunscreens, both titanium dioxide and zinc oxide are used in nanoparticle form to make the sunscreen smoother on your skin. Despite concerns, studies show that these nanoparticles do not penetrate healthy, intact skin to reach living cells.
Nanoparticles, or micronized metals, like TiO2 are less clumpy when applied to the skin than larger particles.
Zinc Oxide vs. Titanium Dioxide
Zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) are both popular in physical sunscreens, but they have some relevant differences:
UV Protection: Zinc oxide offers broader protection, covering more of the UVA and UVB spectrum. Titanium dioxide is often used with zinc oxide to enhance UVB protection.
Aesthetics: Titanium dioxide tends to be less whitening than zinc oxide, making it more cosmetically appealing in products where a clear or tinted finish is desired.
Safety: Both are safe and non-irritating, suitable for sensitive skin.
What is Titanium Oxide? Is it the same as TiO2?
Titanium oxide can refer to different oxides of titanium, but in skincare, it generally refers to titanium dioxide (TiO2). So, when we talk about titanium oxide in sunscreens or cosmetics, we mean TiO2.
Other oxides of titanium such as TiO, Ti2O3, and Ti3O5 exist as well, but they aren’t really used in skin care.
Titanium Dioxide in Makeup
Titanium dioxide is used in makeup for its ability to cover imperfections and brighten the skin. It helps create a smooth, even finish in foundations, concealers, and powders. Plus, its UV-blocking abilities add an extra layer of sun protection to your makeup. With SPF ingredients like TiO2 in your makeup, your aesthetic becomes your armor.
Summary
Titanium dioxide is a useful ingredient in sun care and makeup. Its ability to protect the skin from harmful UV rays, combined with its gentle and non-pore-clogging properties, makes it a staple in sunscreens and cosmetics. While there are some concerns about nanoparticles and environmental impact, current research supports the safe use of titanium dioxide in most circumstances. To tailor your skincare routine to your specific needs, take the Baumann Skin Type Quiz to understand and choose the best products for your specific skin type!
DQH Knowledge drop: In your 20s, your skin cell turnover decreases. (Cell turnover is a key component in keeping your skin youthful.) You know what else slows down? Your collagen production. Starting in your 20s, collagen decreases by about 1 percent per year. Should you want to prevent fine lines and wrinkles, start by eliminating behaviors that contribute to premature aging. “If it’s bad for you, it’s bad for your skin,” says dermatologist Michel Somenek.
“Cigarette smoking reduces blood flow to the skin and causes premature wrinkling and a dull skin texture. Making the repeated pursed motion to inhale can also cause smoker’s lines. Alcohol and recreational drugs are toxins for the skin that damage its cellular structure and DNA,” Somenek tells us. “The faster you eliminate vices while you are young, the better chance your skin and body have to recuperate.” Also, adopting an anti-aging routine in your 20s is key. After all, the best offense is a good defense. We spoke to Somenek and experts Joshua Ross and Audrey Kunin to find out more.
Keep reading for the best anti-aging products for your 20s, according to skincare professionals.
Sunscreen
“We all know that the sun is the number one cause of skin aging and starting the prevention in your 20s is very important,” Ross says. “The majority of your sun damage won’t start to appear until you’re in your 30s, so don’t wait until you see it surface or you’ll be behind the curve. Stay ahead of it with a good-quality zinc-based sunscreen worn daily.”
Farmacy Green Defense Daily Mineral Sunscreen
An invisible sunscreen with SPF 30, plus botanical extracts meant to protect skin with tons of antioxidants. Bonus: It’s clean and fine to use under makeup.
Bareminerals Complexion Rescue™ Tinted Moisturizer Broad Spectrum SPF 30
Although we recommend you use your SPF and moisturizer separately, we also understand moments when you don’t have time or energy for that extra step. For those times, this bareMinerals moisturizer is a great thing to have on hand.
Vitamin C Serum
“A great introduction to anti-aging is to start with a vitamin C serum in your morning skincare routine,” Ross says. “It’s a powerful antioxidant that will neutralize free radicals and brighten the skin.” He adds that it’s a great way to counteract the effects of the sun’s harmful rays, which, as previously mentioned, are among the biggest causes of premature aging.
Drunk Elephant C-Firma™ Vitamin C Day Serum
The Drunk Elephant C-Firma is a lightweight serum that promises to give skin a glow by combining the brightening powers of vitamin C with ferulic acid, l-ascorbic acid, and vitamin E. The included sodium hyaluronate is meant to replace hydration loss, so you shouldn’t have to deal with any irritation.
Sunday Riley C.E.O. Rapid Flash Brightening Serum
This potent serum is jam-packed with vitamin C (15 percent, to be exact), which means it’s a potential superstar at both brightening skin and dousing it in antioxidants.
Peptides
Using peptides on your skin has many benefits, says Somenek. “The skin barrier is what defends the body against pollution, UV rays, bacteria, and toxins. It can be damaged by several everyday factors. Using topical peptides aids in building a stronger barrier,” he says. “Peptides comprise elastic fibers, which are a type of protein. These fibers help to make skin appear taut and firm. Peptides can also help repair damaged skin, relieve inflammation, and even out skin tone. Some peptides can kill acne-causing bacteria that is common in 20-somethings.”
Kunin agrees, saying, “Peptides are an excellent entry point for supporting collagen.” She recommends looking for face and eye treatments that contain these collagen-boosting powerhouses.
Charlotte Tilbury Magic Eye Rescue Cream
This Charlotte Tilbury super-emollient eye cream has a base of coconut oil and shea butter (read: it’s incredibly hydrating). Botanicals plus peptides are meant to help reduce dark circles and boost collagen, respectively.
This creamy moisturizer serves up potent collagen-boosting peptides and pycnogenol, and antioxidant-rich vitamin C. “Instead of sitting on top of the skin, peptides penetrate the outer layer so they go deep. The ‘signals’ they send tell the cells to produce elastin and collagen, which are needed for youthful-looking skin,” explains Somenek.
At-Home Peel Pads
Remember that skin cell turnover fiasco we talked about earlier? One way to help support it is by exfoliating. “Exfoliation is important to help keep skin fresh and luminous,” Kunin says. She recommends using at-home peel pads as an easy and effective way to exfoliate.
“The goal in your 20s is to fight the slowing pace of cell turnover. It is wise to use products that gently exfoliate, yet still remove oil and other impurities. Products that have Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHA) or Beta Hydroxy Acids (BHA) are a good choice.”
According to Somenek, you should only exfoliate two to three times a week. “People of all ages are guilty of over-exfoliating and that can be too much of a good thing,” he says.
Dermadoctor Kakadu C Intensive Vitamin C Peel Pad
A few swipes of this Derma Doctor powerful peel pad promise to leave your skin glowing and smooth, thanks to the seven (yes, seven) types of chemical exfoliants, including AHA and BHA. It also contains vitamin C via Kakadu plum extract for added brightening and antioxidant protection.
KEY INGREDIENTS Kakadu plum extract is sourced from the Kakadu plum, a fruit grown in northern Australia. It contains vitamin C, which restores the skin’s natural barrier, increases collagen production, and soothes irritation.
Dr. Dennis Gross Skincare Alpha Beta® Universal Daily Peel Pads
These are the gold standard of peel pads, with a cult following and over 900 five-star reviews on Sephora. They’re easy to use and contain a blend of anti-aging exfoliating acids.
Emollient Night Cream
“In your 20s, you need to start upping the hydration in your skincare routine. You may have been cautious of over-moisturizing because of acne in your teens, but as you enter your 20s, your skin transitions and becomes drier,” Ross says. “I recommend an emollient night cream added into your evening skincare regimen.”
“Twenty-somethings need to make sure that they are not using creams that will clog their pores and cause excess oil production,” says Somenek. Opt for non-comedogenic products.
Cerave Skin Renewing Night Cream
One great choice is the CeraVe Skin Renewing Night Cream, which is a non-comedogenic night cream that leaves skin soft and glowy. It combines the moisturizing powers of ceramides and hyaluronic acid.
RoC Retinol Correxion Max Hydration Creme
“The best night cream ingredients contain retinol, benzoyl peroxide, and/or salicylic acid or hyaluronic acid. The goal is to moisturize, yet remove excess oil,” says Somenek. This Roc Retinol Correxion cream fits the bill as it contains both hyaluronic acid and retinol so it promises to moisturize while also being non-comedogenic.