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Top Harmful Skincare Ingredients to Avoid: Dermatologist-Approved Guide
Skin Care

Top Harmful Skincare Ingredients to Avoid: Dermatologist-Approved Guide

26 May 2025


Toxic Ingredients in Skincare: A Dermatologist’s Guide

Are You Applying Harmful Ingredients to Your Skin Without Knowing It?

Many ingredients used in skincare and cosmetic products are restricted or banned around the world due to concerns about toxicity, environmental harm, or health risks.

You may have heard of the “Dirty Dozen” list of harmful cosmetic ingredients—but the truth is, there are far more than 12 ingredients worth scrutinizing.

As a dermatologist with over 20 years of experience writing and researching skincare ingredients—including authoring books and a monthly column for dermatologists—I want to give you a reliable,

science-backed tool to help you avoid harmful substances in your routine.

Why the Word “Toxic” Isn’t Always Accurate

Let’s clarify: the term “toxic” technically refers to a substance that is poisonous and can cause illness or death.

However, in the skincare world, “toxic” is often used more broadly to describe ingredients that may cause:

Skin irritation

Hormonal disruption

Allergic reactions

Environmental damage

While not all these effects qualify as true “toxicity” from a toxicology standpoint, they are still valid concerns for consumers and professionals alike.

I will use the term “toxic” here for ease of reference, while distinguishing between actual health risks and misinformation.

The “Toxic” Skincare Ingredients List: What to Watch Out For

This list is based on scientific literature, regulatory reviews, and clinical experience.

Some of these ingredients are still legal, but are best avoided for long-term health, safety, or environmental reasons.

Top Toxic Ingredients to Avoid

Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA)

Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT)

Butylparaben

Isobutylparaben

Phenoxyethanol (in concentrations >1%)

Petrolatum and mineral oil (environmental concerns)

Phthalates (e.g., DEP, DBP, DEHP)

Polyethylene Glycols (PEGs)

Siloxanes (e.g., D4, D5)

Triclosan

Ethanolamines (e.g., DEA, TEA, cocamide DEA)

How Cosmetic Ingredients Can Be Harmful

Ingredients can impact human health and the planet in many ways. Below are categories of concern:

Health-Related Risks

Endocrine (hormone) disruption

Allergies and contact dermatitis

Lung and eye irritation

Cancer risk (in some animal studies or industrial exposure)

Increased penetration of harmful substances through the skin

Phototoxicity (sun sensitivity)

Reproductive issues (especially with phthalates)

Environmental Risks

Marine toxicity and coral bleaching

Chemical accumulation in water supplies

Sustainability issues (e.g., water-intensive crops)

Pesticide contamination from botanicals

Harmful byproducts during manufacturing

Human Safety vs. Environmental Safety

It’s crucial to evaluate ingredient safety through two lenses:

Is it safe for human skin and systemic health?

Is it safe for the planet?

An ingredient can be safe topically but harmful to marine ecosystems (e.g., microbeads). Conversely, a “natural” extract may be eco-friendly but cause allergies or irritation.

In-Depth Look at Key Toxic Ingredients

Ethanolamines (e.g., DEA, MEA, TEA)

Used in foaming cleansers and emulsifiers.

May form nitrosamines, which are carcinogenic, when mixed with nitrogen compounds.

Safe in rinse-off products, and when not used with such preservatives.

Avoid if pregnant, using slugging routines, or on infants.

Parabens

Types: Methylparaben, Propylparaben, Butylparaben, Isobutylparaben

Some have weak estrogenic activity—but only butyl- and isobutylparaben show more significant binding.

Methyl- and propylparaben are generally safe in low concentrations.

If you are pregnant or using products on children, avoid butyl- and isobutylparaben.

Phthalates

Found in fragrances, nail polish, and plastic packaging.

DBP, DEHP, and DEP raise concern over reproductive and developmental risks.

Of highest concern for fetuses, infants, and hormonal health.

Choose phthalate-free or fragrance-free products when possible.

Petrolatum and Mineral Oil

Not inherently toxic if highly refined (medical grade).

Main concern is environmental—petroleum drilling and refining contribute to climate change.

No proven link to cancer or health issues with refined versions.

Choose alternatives if you prefer more sustainable options.

Phenoxyethanol

Safe at <1% concentrations (EU and US guidelines).

Low risk of irritation and rare allergic responses.

Used as a preservative and sometimes hidden in “fragrance”.

Lack of labeling transparency is the biggest issue.

Polyethylene Glycols (PEGs)

Commonly used as humectants, emulsifiers, and penetration enhancers.

May be contaminated with 1,4-dioxane or ethylene oxide during manufacturing.

Purification and quality control are key—some PEGs are restricted in clean beauty.

Siloxanes (D4, D5, D6)

Used for smoothing texture in cosmetics.

Persistent environmental pollutants that bioaccumulate.

Some may interfere with reproductive hormones in animal studies.

Banned or restricted in several countries.

Triclosan

Antibacterial once common in soaps and toothpaste.

Linked to thyroid hormone disruption, antibiotic resistance, and environmental damage.

Now banned or restricted in many countries.

Natural vs. Synthetic: Which Is Safer?

Natural does not always mean safer. Some “green” ingredients like cocamide DEA (from coconut oil) can form nitrosamines when combined with preservatives.

Others, like essential oils and botanical extracts, may trigger severe allergic reactions.

Misleading Terms to Watch For

“Fragrance” or “parfum” – can include 100+ undisclosed chemicals

“Natural” – not regulated and often includes synthetic preservatives or allergens

“Preservative-free” – may actually use hidden preservatives like phenoxyethanol

How to Protect Yourself from Toxic Ingredients

Tips for Safe Skincare

Learn to read full ingredient labels

Use fragrance-free or dermatologist-tested products

Prefer brands with transparent ingredient sourcing

Avoid products with vague claims like “natural” or “clean” unless certified

Use skincare routines that are compatible—ingredients can interact negatively!

Reputable Sources for Ingredient Safety

Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR)

Environmental Working Group (EWG)

Peer-reviewed medical journals

Dermatologists with ingredient expertise

EquityWellness.org – Advocating inclusive skincare science across all skin tones.

Final Thoughts from a Dermatologist

The safety of skincare ingredients is complex and context-dependent.

Just because an ingredient is controversial doesn’t mean it’s dangerous for everyone—but long-term, large-scale use of certain ingredients can raise legitimate health or environmental concerns.

Always consider:

The type of product (rinse-off vs. leave-on)

Frequency of use

Vulnerability of the user (e.g., babies, pregnant individuals)

The interactions between products in your routine

Let us help you build a safe, evidence-based skincare routine tailored to your Baumann Skin Type®. Knowing your skin type is the first step to choosing products that are both safe and effective.

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DQH Knowledge drop: In your 20s, your skin cell turnover decreases. (Cell turnover is a key component in keeping your skin youthful.) You know what else slows down? Your collagen production. Starting in your 20s, collagen decreases by about 1 percent per year. Should you want to prevent fine lines and wrinkles, start by eliminating behaviors that contribute to premature aging. “If it’s bad for you, it’s bad for your skin,” says dermatologist Michel Somenek. “Cigarette smoking reduces blood flow to the skin and causes premature wrinkling and a dull skin texture. Making the repeated pursed motion to inhale can also cause smoker’s lines. Alcohol and recreational drugs are toxins for the skin that damage its cellular structure and DNA,” Somenek tells us. “The faster you eliminate vices while you are young, the better chance your skin and body have to recuperate.” Also, adopting an anti-aging routine in your 20s is key. After all, the best offense is a good defense. We spoke to Somenek and experts Joshua Ross and Audrey Kunin to find out more. Keep reading for the best anti-aging products for your 20s, according to skincare professionals. Sunscreen “We all know that the sun is the number one cause of skin aging and starting the prevention in your 20s is very important,” Ross says. “The majority of your sun damage won’t start to appear until you’re in your 30s, so don’t wait until you see it surface or you’ll be behind the curve. Stay ahead of it with a good-quality zinc-based sunscreen worn daily.” Farmacy Green Defense Daily Mineral Sunscreen An invisible sunscreen with SPF 30, plus botanical extracts meant to protect skin with tons of antioxidants. Bonus: It’s clean and fine to use under makeup. Bareminerals Complexion Rescue™ Tinted Moisturizer Broad Spectrum SPF 30 Although we recommend you use your SPF and moisturizer separately, we also understand moments when you don’t have time or energy for that extra step. For those times, this bareMinerals moisturizer is a great thing to have on hand. Vitamin C Serum “A great introduction to anti-aging is to start with a vitamin C serum in your morning skincare routine,” Ross says. “It’s a powerful antioxidant that will neutralize free radicals and brighten the skin.” He adds that it’s a great way to counteract the effects of the sun’s harmful rays, which, as previously mentioned, are among the biggest causes of premature aging. Drunk Elephant C-Firma™ Vitamin C Day Serum The Drunk Elephant C-Firma is a lightweight serum that promises to give skin a glow by combining the brightening powers of vitamin C with ferulic acid, l-ascorbic acid, and vitamin E. The included sodium hyaluronate is meant to replace hydration loss, so you shouldn’t have to deal with any irritation. Sunday Riley C.E.O. Rapid Flash Brightening Serum This potent serum is jam-packed with vitamin C (15 percent, to be exact), which means it’s a potential superstar at both brightening skin and dousing it in antioxidants. Peptides Using peptides on your skin has many benefits, says Somenek. “The skin barrier is what defends the body against pollution, UV rays, bacteria, and toxins. It can be damaged by several everyday factors. Using topical peptides aids in building a stronger barrier,” he says. “Peptides comprise elastic fibers, which are a type of protein. These fibers help to make skin appear taut and firm. Peptides can also help repair damaged skin, relieve inflammation, and even out skin tone. Some peptides can kill acne-causing bacteria that is common in 20-somethings.” Kunin agrees, saying, “Peptides are an excellent entry point for supporting collagen.” She recommends looking for face and eye treatments that contain these collagen-boosting powerhouses. Charlotte Tilbury Magic Eye Rescue Cream This Charlotte Tilbury super-emollient eye cream has a base of coconut oil and shea butter (read: it’s incredibly hydrating). Botanicals plus peptides are meant to help reduce dark circles and boost collagen, respectively. This creamy moisturizer serves up potent collagen-boosting peptides and pycnogenol, and antioxidant-rich vitamin C. “Instead of sitting on top of the skin, peptides penetrate the outer layer so they go deep. The ‘signals’ they send tell the cells to produce elastin and collagen, which are needed for youthful-looking skin,” explains Somenek. At-Home Peel Pads Remember that skin cell turnover fiasco we talked about earlier? One way to help support it is by exfoliating. “Exfoliation is important to help keep skin fresh and luminous,” Kunin says. She recommends using at-home peel pads as an easy and effective way to exfoliate. “The goal in your 20s is to fight the slowing pace of cell turnover. It is wise to use products that gently exfoliate, yet still remove oil and other impurities. Products that have Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHA) or Beta Hydroxy Acids (BHA) are a good choice.” According to Somenek, you should only exfoliate two to three times a week. “People of all ages are guilty of over-exfoliating and that can be too much of a good thing,” he says. Dermadoctor Kakadu C Intensive Vitamin C Peel Pad A few swipes of this Derma Doctor powerful peel pad promise to leave your skin glowing and smooth, thanks to the seven (yes, seven) types of chemical exfoliants, including AHA and BHA. It also contains vitamin C via Kakadu plum extract for added brightening and antioxidant protection. KEY INGREDIENTS Kakadu plum extract is sourced from the Kakadu plum, a fruit grown in northern Australia. It contains vitamin C, which restores the skin’s natural barrier, increases collagen production, and soothes irritation. Dr. Dennis Gross Skincare Alpha Beta® Universal Daily Peel Pads These are the gold standard of peel pads, with a cult following and over 900 five-star reviews on Sephora. They’re easy to use and contain a blend of anti-aging exfoliating acids. Emollient Night Cream “In your 20s, you need to start upping the hydration in your skincare routine. You may have been cautious of over-moisturizing because of acne in your teens, but as you enter your 20s, your skin transitions and becomes drier,” Ross says. “I recommend an emollient night cream added into your evening skincare regimen.” “Twenty-somethings need to make sure that they are not using creams that will clog their pores and cause excess oil production,” says Somenek. Opt for non-comedogenic products. Cerave Skin Renewing Night Cream One great choice is the CeraVe Skin Renewing Night Cream, which is a non-comedogenic night cream that leaves skin soft and glowy. It combines the moisturizing powers of ceramides and hyaluronic acid. RoC Retinol Correxion Max Hydration Creme “The best night cream ingredients contain retinol, benzoyl peroxide, and/or salicylic acid or hyaluronic acid. The goal is to moisturize, yet remove excess oil,” says Somenek. This Roc Retinol Correxion cream fits the bill as it contains both hyaluronic acid and retinol so it promises to moisturize while also being non-comedogenic.
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